Santo Niño, Samar

In the heart of Samar lies a hidden treasure waiting to be explored – Santo Niño. As our boat gently approached the dock, I was captivated by the beauty of this island town. Contrary to my expectations, Santo Niño was not just a small dot on the map; it was a collection of two islands and several smaller islets, each offering its unique charm.

Stepping onto the main center of the big island, I felt like I had entered a scene from a fairy tale. The quaint seaside pueblo, with its tranquil ambiance and breathtaking vistas, was a welcome escape from the hustle and bustle of modern life. The serenity of Santo Niño enveloped me as I wandered through its streets, where the sounds of children playing and the gentle lull of the sea set the rhythm of life.

What struck me most about Santo Niño was the sense of community that permeated the air. From the voices of people on the boat carrying effortlessly to those on land, to the harmonious chirping of text message alerts echoing throughout the area, there was a palpable feeling of unity among the residents.

As my companions set off to attend to their project, I took the opportunity to explore the town. We indulged in a delightful breakfast spread at a local two-level house, feasting on piping hot tinola made with fresh fish, ripe mangoes, grilled fish, and other local delicacies. It was a feast fit for royalty, and I savored every bite.

Venturing further into the town center, I marveled at the simple yet functional design of the municipal hall and explored the nearby church, its doors open to welcome visitors like myself. The streets were lined with sari-sari stores, each offering a glimpse into the daily lives of the residents.

One of the highlights of my exploration was stumbling upon a pharmacological garden, where medicinal herbs were cultivated for the benefit of the community. It was a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of the people of Santo Niño, who found ways to harness the healing power of nature.

As the day drew to a close, I found myself back at the waterfront, sipping on a bottle of Coke and watching as fishermen tended to their fish pens in the distance. It was a peaceful moment, a chance to reflect on the beauty of Santo Niño and the warmth of its people.

As we bid farewell to Santo Niño and continued our journey, I couldn't help but feel grateful for the opportunity to experience such a magical place. The memories of this serene island adventure will stay with me forever, a testament to the beauty and charm of Samar's hidden gems.

To reach Santo Niño, Samar, you typically have to travel by boat, as the island town is surrounded by water. Here are the general steps to get there:

1. Travel to Calbayog City: 

Start by making your way to Calbayog City, Samar, which is the nearest major city to Santo Niño. You can reach Calbayog City by air, land, or sea, depending on your location.

2. Find Transportation to Santo Niño: 

Once in Calbayog City, you'll need to arrange transportation to Santo Niño. The most common mode of transportation is by boat, which usually departs from the Port of Calbayog.

3. Boat Ride to Santo Niño: 

There are regular boat services that ferry passengers from Calbayog City to Santo Niño. The boat ride typically takes a few hours, depending on weather conditions and sea traffic. Be sure to check the boat schedule in advance and arrive at the port early to secure your ticket.

4. Arrival in Santo Niño: 

Upon arrival at Santo Niño, you'll dock at the main center of the big island. From there, you can explore the town on foot or arrange for local transportation to your accommodation or desired destinations.

5. Enjoy Your Stay: 

Once in Santo Niño, take the time to explore the town's attractions, enjoy the local cuisine, and immerse yourself in the laid-back island life. Whether you're seeking relaxation or adventure, Santo Niño offers something for every traveler.

Keep in mind that transportation options and schedules may vary, so it's always a good idea to check with local authorities or travel agencies for the most up-to-date information before planning your trip.

Santa Margarita, Samar

Santa Margarita in Samar province combines culture, history, and tasty food. Although not as famous as nearby places, it has its own special appeal. The Alimango Festival is a big event here, celebrating lots of mud crabs and showing how important the sea is to the community.

Catbalogan, Samar

Catbalogan, Samar, a charming city on the eastern coast of Samar island, invites travelers to explore its rich tapestry of history, culture, and natural beauty. As the provincial capital of Samar, Catbalogan offers a delightful blend of old-world charm and modern amenities, making it an ideal destination for adventurers and culture enthusiasts alike.

Talalora, Samar

Talalora, Samar, has long been veiled in mystery, its name whispered in tales of sorcery and mysticism. Yet, beneath the cloak of superstition lies a town with a history as rich and diverse as the landscapes that cradle it. While its past may be shrouded in an enigma, Talalora invites intrepid travelers to delve deeper, to uncover the hidden treasures that lie within its embrace.

Calbiga, Samar

Calbiga in Samar province is a destination, that offers a harmonious blend of natural splendor, cultural richness, and warm hospitality. Whether you're an adventurous explorer, a nature lover, or a curious traveler seeking authentic experiences, Calbiga has something to offer everyone. So pack your bags, set out on an adventure, and uncover the hidden treasures of this enchanting municipality in the heart of the Philippines.

Calbayog,Samar

From breathtaking waterfalls to vibrant festivals, Calbayog City offers a wealth of experiences just waiting to be discovered. Whether you're seeking adventure, relaxation, or cultural immersion, Calbayog has something to offer every traveler. Plan your visit today and experience the magic of this enchanting destination.

Villareal, Samar

Villareal invites travelers to experience the beauty of its coastal landscapes, rich heritage, and vibrant community. Whether you're exploring its historic landmarks, immersing yourself in the local culture, or simply enjoying the warmth of its hospitality, Villareal offers an unforgettable journey through the heart of Samar. So come, discover the charm of Villareal, and create memories that will last a lifetime.

Tarangnan, Samar

Tarangnan, a serene town on Samar Island's western coast, invites travelers with its beautiful beaches and fascinating history. Despite its size, Tarangnan has a lively community, breathtaking scenery, and rich culture to explore. Come with us as we discover the wonders of this charming town in the Philippines.

Tarangnan may be a small municipality, but its allure lies in its unspoiled beauty, rich history, and warm hospitality. Whether you're exploring its cultural heritage, basking in the sun on its pristine beaches, or simply immersing yourself in the tranquility of its surroundings, Tarangnan promises an unforgettable experience that will leave you longing to return. So come, discover the hidden gem of Tarangnan, and create memories that will last a lifetime.

A Glimpse into History

Tarangnan traces its roots back to the early 17th century when it served as the first settlement of Jesuit missionaries on Samar Island. Originally known as Tinago, it was the first cabecera (center) of Samar until it was devastated by a Moro attack in 1616. The cabecera was then transferred to Catbalogan, but Tarangnan's significance remained, eventually leading to its establishment as a municipality in 1884.

Exploring Cultural Heritage

At the heart of Tarangnan lies its rich cultural heritage, embodied by landmarks such as the Tarangnan Church. Built in 1897, this historic church stands as a testament to the town's deep-rooted religious traditions. Visitors can also explore the ruins of Sta. Barbara and immerse themselves in the town's fascinating history.

Natural Wonders

Tarangnan's natural beauty is equally captivating, with its picturesque coastline and lush landscapes. Playa Rosario beach, situated in Sitio Panapucan, offers pristine shores and crystal-clear waters perfect for swimming and relaxation. The municipality's proximity to Maqueda Bay provides ample opportunities for fishing and water sports, making it a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts.

Getting There

Traveling to Tarangnan is a journey worth taking, offering travelers a chance to experience the beauty of Samar's countryside. From Tacloban or Calbayog City, visitors can take a van to Catbalogan and then proceed to Tarangnan via a provincial road. Alternatively, private transportation options are available for those seeking a more convenient travel experience.

Discover Zumarraga: A Gem in Samar

Zumarraga, a serene town in Samar, invites you to experience its tranquil shores and rich culture. With its welcoming community and stunning natural beauty, Zumarraga offers a peaceful retreat away from the hustle and bustle of city life. Nestled along the coastal shores of Samar lies a quaint town that captures the essence of island living – Zumarraga. While its name may evoke images of its Spanish counterpart, this Zumarraga holds its own unique charm and beauty waiting to be discovered by adventurous souls. Join us as we embark on a journey to explore the hidden treasures of this picturesque town in the heart of the Philippines.

As the sun sets over the horizon, painting the sky in hues of orange and gold, Zumarraga stands as a testament to the beauty and resilience of Samar's landscapes and its people. Whether you're seeking adventure, culture, or simply a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of city life, Zumarraga offers an unforgettable experience that will leave you longing to return. So come, discover the magic of Zumarraga, and create memories that will last a lifetime.

A Seaside Haven

Accessible by a scenic hour-long motorboat ride from Catbalogan City, Zumarraga welcomes visitors with its circumferential coastline, teeming with the bounty of the sea. With one side facing the majestic Maqueda Bay, known as the spawning ground of the country's fish, Zumarraga is a haven for seafood enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

A Melting Pot of Culture

Home to a friendly and proud population, Zumarraga is a melting pot of people from Samar and Leyte, who have come together to form a unique community. Despite its minimal population compared to other municipalities, Zumarraga has made significant contributions to the heritage of the Samarnons, ranging from politics to arts, culture, and history.

The Spirit of St. Anthony

At the heart of Zumarraga lies the parish church dedicated to its patron saint, St. Anthony of Padua. This revered saint is not only the guardian of the town but also the namesake of the local high school, reflecting the deep spiritual connection shared by the Zumarraganhons.

Exploring Nature's Wonders

Zumarraga offers a myriad of attractions for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. From the pristine shores of Buho Beach to the idyllic Poro Island, there's no shortage of breathtaking landscapes to explore. Take a stroll through the tranquil Arteche Park or uncover the ruins of Sta. Barbara, each offering a glimpse into the town's rich history and natural beauty.

Getting There

Traveling to Zumarraga is a journey in itself, offering travelers the chance to immerse themselves in the beauty of Samar's countryside. From Metro Manila, you can take a plane to either Tacloban City or Calbayog City. From there, hire vans to Catbalogan City, a journey that takes approximately 1 1/2 to 2 hours from Tacloban and 1 to 1 1/2 hours from Calbayog.

Once in Catbalogan, head to Pier 1 and catch a mid-morning boat to Zumarraga. While there are no afternoon trips available, private boat arrangements can be made for those who wish to explore the town at their own pace. Accommodation options include Balay ni Luis, a lodging facility built for tourism purposes, or homestays with local families who are eager to share their hospitality with visitors.

Basey, Samar: Unveiling the Charms of a Timeless Town

Nestled along the rugged coastlines of Samar province in the Philippines lies the picturesque town of Basey, a hidden gem waiting to be discovered by intrepid travelers. With its rich cultural heritage, breathtaking natural landscapes, and charming attractions, Basey offers a glimpse into the soul of Samar. Join us as we embark on a journey to explore the wonders of this timeless town.

With its historic churches, captivating waterfalls, and mystical caves, Basey offers a wealth of experiences for travelers seeking adventure, culture, and natural beauty. Whether you're exploring ancient landmarks, embarking on outdoor adventures, or simply soaking in the laid-back charm of the town, Basey promises an unforgettable journey into the heart and soul of Samar. Come, discover the magic of Basey, and create memories that will last a lifetime.

St. Michael The Archangel Parish Church: A Glimpse into History

Step back in time as you visit the iconic St. Michael The Archangel Parish Church, the oldest church in Basey, Samar. Built with intricate stone masonry and adorned with exquisite religious art, this architectural marvel stands as a testament to the town's rich Catholic heritage. Marvel at the grandeur of its facades, adorned with intricate carvings and statues, and immerse yourself in the serenity of its hallowed halls.

Balantac Falls: Nature's Masterpiece

Escape the hustle and bustle of city life and venture into the heart of nature at Balantac Falls. Nestled amidst lush forests and verdant valleys, this enchanting waterfall cascades gracefully into a serene pool below, inviting visitors to take a refreshing dip and bask in the tranquility of their surroundings. Spend a day picnicking by the falls, listening to the soothing sounds of rushing water, and reconnecting with the natural world.

Rawis Cave: A Journey into the Depths

Embark on an adventure into the mysterious depths of Rawis Cave, a hidden gem nestled within the rugged terrain of Basey. Delve into the darkness of its cavernous chambers, illuminated only by the faint glow of sunlight filtering through crevices in the rock. Marvel at the ancient stalactites and stalagmites that adorn the cave's interior, forming otherworldly formations that have stood the test of time.

Kapigtan Cave: Exploring Nature's Hidden Wonders

Prepare to be amazed as you venture into the depths of Kapigtan Cave, a natural wonder waiting to be explored. Trek through dense forests and rocky terrain to reach the entrance of this majestic cave, where you'll be greeted by stunning rock formations and underground rivers. Traverse winding passageways and vast chambers as you uncover the secrets hidden within Kapigtan Cave, a testament to the awe-inspiring power of nature.

Immerse Yourself in Basey's Charm

Beyond its natural wonders, Basey is a town steeped in rich cultural heritage and warm hospitality. Take a leisurely stroll through the quaint streets of Basey Proper, where you'll find charming colonial-era buildings and bustling marketplaces selling local crafts and delicacies. Engage with the friendly locals and immerse yourself in the vibrant culture of Basey, where traditions are upheld with pride and warmth.

Getting There

Basey is easily accessible from the city of Tacloban, with various transportation options available including buses, vans, and private vehicles. Enjoy a scenic journey through the picturesque countryside of Samar as you make your way to this timeless town, where adventure and discovery await.

Discovering Almagro: Unveiling Samar's Hidden Gem

Nestled within the pristine landscapes of Samar province in the Philippines lies the charming municipality of Almagro, a haven for nature enthusiasts and cultural aficionados alike. With its tranquil shores, rugged terrain, and rich heritage, Almagro offers a plethora of experiences waiting to be explored by intrepid travelers. Let's embark on a journey to uncover some of the best trails and attractions this hidden gem has to offer.

Trails for Every Adventurer

Almagro boasts a variety of trails that cater to hikers of all skill levels, promising breathtaking views and unforgettable experiences. Whether you're a seasoned trekker or a casual nature lover, these handpicked trails are sure to captivate your senses:

1. Pang-pang Trail (Veloso and Panjobjoban 1): 

This trail winds its way through lush forests and picturesque coastal scenery, offering panoramic vistas of the surrounding islands. Trek along rugged cliffs and secluded beaches as you immerse yourself in the natural beauty of Almagro.

2. Exotic Diving Resort Trail (Barangay Kerikite): 

Dive into adventure as you explore the underwater wonders of Almagro's exotic diving resort. Snorkel through vibrant coral reefs, encounter colorful marine life, and discover the hidden treasures beneath the waves.

3. Caves Exploration: 

Delve into the depths of Almagro's mysterious caves and caverns, where stalactites and stalagmites form intricate natural sculptures. Embark on an unforgettable spelunking adventure as you uncover the secrets hidden within these ancient chambers.

4. Rock Formation Trail: 

Marvel at the awe-inspiring rock formations that dot the coastline of Almagro. Carved by the forces of nature over millennia, these geological wonders offer a glimpse into the earth's turbulent history and are perfect for scenic hikes and photography enthusiasts.

5. Lighthouse Island Expedition: 

Embark on a voyage to the secluded Lighthouse Island and ascend to the summit of its iconic beacon. From atop the towering structure, witness panoramic views of the azure sea and distant horizons, making for an unforgettable vista and a perfect photo opportunity.

Immerse Yourself in Local Culture

Beyond its natural wonders, Almagro is steeped in rich cultural heritage, offering visitors a glimpse into its vibrant traditions and way of life. Experience the warmth and hospitality of the locals as you immerse yourself in the following cultural delights:

1. Kuratsa Dance: 

Witness the graceful movements of the Kuratsa, a traditional dance that reflects the fusion of Spanish and indigenous influences. Join in the festivities during Almagro's Fiestas and Charter Days, where the community comes alive with music, dance, and celebration.

2. Covered Court Gatherings: 

Attend gatherings and festivities at the newly constructed Covered Court in Barangay Poblacion, where locals come together to celebrate special occasions and showcase their talents.

3. Sando Fashion: 

Embrace the laid-back island lifestyle by donning the traditional attire of Almagro - the sando. Perfect for the hot weather and sea breeze, the sando reflects the practical yet fashionable style of the locals.

Getting There

Accessing Almagro is an adventure in itself, with the only means of transportation being a motorboat from the port of Calbayog. Enjoy a scenic journey across the azure waters of Samar, soaking in the beauty of the coastline before arriving at your destination in approximately two hours.

Conclusion

With its pristine natural landscapes, vibrant cultural heritage, and warm hospitality, Almagro invites travelers to embark on a journey of discovery and adventure. Whether you're seeking adrenaline-pumping hikes, immersive cultural experiences, or simply a tranquil retreat amidst nature, Almagro has something for everyone. Come, explore this hidden gem of Samar, and create memories that will last a lifetime.

Molave, Zamboanga Del Sur

Molave, a lively town in Zamboanga del Sur, thrives as a center of trade and culture. Its name comes from the abundance of Molave trees in the area. Originally a small settlement in the 1930s, Molave grew quickly with people from all over the Philippines.

In 1948, Molave became a municipality, marking a big step forward. The town celebrates its rich culture with festivals like Kutsitsa and Araw Ng Molave. The Pungopoon Festival, honoring St. Vincent Ferrer, is a beloved tradition that brings the community together.

Molave is known for its craftsmanship and natural beauty, attracting visitors to explore its wonders. With a strong economy and a population of 53,140, led by Mayor Cyril Reo A. Glepa, Molave ranks 436th in the country, showing its progress and stability.

The town excels in economic activity, government efficiency, infrastructure, resilience, and innovation. Investments in roads, utilities, and technology ensure a bright future for Molave and its residents.

Midsalip, Zamboanga Del Sur

Midsalip, a 4th class municipality in Zamboanga del Sur, lies inland about 21.8 kilometers east of the national highway and approximately 46 kilometers from the provincial capital, Pagadian City. According to the 2000 census, Midsalip has a population of 28,909, with 5,479 households. Geographically, it is situated at 8 degrees, 10'1" north and 123 degrees, 16'10" east.

source: www.travelingmorion.com

Margosatubig, Zamboanga Del Sur

Margosatubig, situated in Zamboanga del Sur, is one of the province's oldest municipalities, alongside Pagadian City. Classified as a 4th class municipality, Margosatubig had a population of 34,461 people in 2000, residing in 6,560 households. It's the largest municipality in the second congressional district of Zamboanga del Sur, with an area of 11,169 hectares divided into 17 barangays. Located approximately 52 kilometers from Pagadian City, Margosatubig is a coastal town bordered by Lapuyan to the north, the Moro Gulf to the south, Dimataling and San Miguel to the east, and Dumanquillas Bay to the west.

Mahayag, Zamboanga Del Sur

Mahayag stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of its people and the richness of its cultural heritage. From its pristine wilderness to its vibrant communities, Mahayag embodies the essence of resilience, diversity, and cultural pride. As the municipality continues to evolve and flourish, it remains deeply rooted in its past, embracing its heritage while embracing the promise of a vibrant future.

Nestled amidst lush landscapes and vibrant communities, the municipality of Mahayag in the province of Zamboanga del Sur boasts a storied past and a diverse cultural tapestry. From its humble beginnings as a wilderness inhabited by the Subanen tribe to its evolution into a thriving agricultural hub, Mahayag's journey is one of resilience, growth, and cultural heritage.

Discovering Lapuyan: Unveiling the Rich History and Culture | Zamboanga del Sur

Nestled in the southern section of Zamboanga del Sur lies the charming municipality of Lapuyan, often affectionately referred to as "Little America." Steeped in history and cultural heritage, Lapuyan offers visitors a glimpse into the vibrant tapestry of Subanen traditions and the captivating landscapes of the Zamboanga Peninsula.

Lakewood, Zamboanga Del Sur

In the picturesque province of Zamboanga del Sur, lies the serene municipality of Lakewood, home to the stunning Lake Wood. While not as widely known as Lake Sebu in South Cotabato, Lake Wood offers a tranquil retreat amidst the beauty of nature, accompanied by the rich culture of the Subanen people.

Labangan, Zamboanga Del Sur

Nestled in the heart of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines, lies the quaint municipality of Labangan. With its rich cultural heritage, breathtaking natural landscapes, and warm hospitality, Labangan offers travelers a unique and immersive experience like no other. Let's delve into the wonders of Labangan and uncover what makes this hidden gem a must-visit destination.

Kumalarang, Zamboanga Del Sur

Nestled in the picturesque landscapes of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines, lies the tranquil municipality of Kumalarang. With its rich history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking natural scenery, Kumalarang offers visitors an unforgettable journey into the heart of the Zamboanga Peninsula.

Josefina, Zamboanga Del Sur

Nestled in the heart of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines, Josefina stands as a testament to the rich history and vibrant culture of the region. From its humble beginnings as part of larger municipalities to its emergence as an independent town, Josefina boasts a fascinating journey filled with resilience, innovation, and community spirit.

Exploring Pagadian: A Comprehensive Bucket List of 20 Things to Do

Are you planning a trip to Pagadian City in Zamboanga Del Sur, Philippines, and seeking the ultimate adventure? Look no further! We've curated a comprehensive bucket list of 20 things to do in Pagadian, guaranteeing an unforgettable experience filled with natural wonders, cultural heritage, and culinary delights.

1. Ride the Iconic Inclined Tricycles

Kick off your Pagadian adventure with a ride on the iconic inclined tricycles. These unique vehicles, designed to navigate the city's mountainous terrain, offer a thrilling and memorable way to explore the city.

2. Marvel at Manga Falls

Embark on a journey to Manga Falls, a stunning two-tiered waterfall located just 7 kilometers from the city center. Surround yourself with the beauty of nature as you immerse yourself in the lush greenery and refreshing waters of this natural wonder.

3. Explore Dao Dao Island

Indulge in island paradise at Dao Dao Island, a small rocky island renowned for its clear turquoise waters and vibrant coral reefs. Dive, snorkel, or simply relax on the pristine beaches as you soak in the breathtaking beauty of this tropical oasis.

4. Relax at Rotonda Park, Pajares Avenue

Unwind and enjoy panoramic views of Pagadian City at Rotonda Park, situated on Pajares Avenue. Whether you're looking to relax or capture Instagram-worthy photos, this elevated park offers the perfect backdrop for your leisurely escapades.

5. Conquer Mount Palpalan

For adrenaline junkies seeking adventure, hike, cycle, or ride a tricycle to the summit of Mount Palpalan. From its peak, marvel at sweeping views of downtown Pagadian City and the glistening waters of Yllana Bay.

6. Experience Puting Balas Sandbar

Discover the enchanting Puting Balas Sandbar, a pristine strip of white sand that emerges during low tide. Spend a day basking in the sun, swimming in the crystal-clear waters, and reveling in the tranquility of this hidden gem.

7. Visit the Agri Tourism and Heritage Complex

Immerse yourself in Zamboanga's rich agricultural heritage at the Agri Tourism and Heritage Complex. Explore farm tours, sample fresh produce, and experience the vibrant culture of the region during December's festivities.

8. Embark on a Spelunking Adventure at Kendis Cave

Delve into the depths of Kendis Cave, a limestone tunnel cave located just 15 kilometers from Pagadian City. Channel your inner adventurer as you navigate through this natural wonder, marveling at its awe-inspiring formations.

9. Discover the Beauty of Pulacan Falls

Journey to Pulacan Falls, a captivating waterfall nestled in the town of Labangan. With its dramatic cascades and tranquil pools, this natural gem provides the perfect backdrop for swimming, picnicking, and immersing yourself in nature.

10. Indulge in Fresh Seafood at Greenhouse Fishing Station and Restaurant

Satisfy your cravings for delectable seafood at the Greenhouse Fishing Station and Restaurant. Located amidst vast fishponds, this culinary hotspot offers an array of freshly caught delights, including grilled tilapia, calamari, and clamshells.

Other things to DO:

• Stroll Through Unity Park
• Soak Up the Sun at White Beach
• Capture Memories at Pagadian Rotunda
• Sample Local Delicacies at the Public Market
• Admire the Architecture of Pagadian City Hall
• Witness the Sunset at Tres Reyes Islands
• Explore the Wonders of Pagadian City Plaza
• Shop for Souvenirs at Gaisano Capital Pagadian
• Experience the Vibrant Nightlife of Pagadian**

From exploring natural wonders to indulging in culinary delights, Pagadian City offers a wealth of experiences waiting to be discovered. So, pack your bags, embark on an adventure, and create memories that will last a lifetime in this enchanting destination nestled in the heart of Zamboanga Del Sur.

Panikian Island: A Hidden Gem in Pitogo, Zamboanga Del Sur

Nestled in the azure waters of the Sulu Sea, off the coast of Pitogo in Zamboanga Del Sur, lies the enchanting Panikian Island. Often referred to as Turtle Island due to its abundant marine life, this secluded paradise boasts pristine white sand beaches, crystal-clear waters, and an ecosystem teeming with biodiversity.